Ground Squirrels
Ground squirrels are burrowing rodents commonly found throughout California, especially near mountainous regions, deserts, and increasingly, suburban neighborhoods. These animals are easy to recognize by their mottled gray and brown fur, slightly bushy tails, and upright, alert posture. Unlike tree squirrels, ground squirrels live primarily underground in extensive burrow systems they dig beneath rocks, trees, retaining walls, and even home foundations.
Though small, their presence can cause big problems. Ground squirrels are omnivores, feeding on seeds, fruits, vegetables, small insects, and even bird eggs. Their burrowing not only damages landscaping but can also destabilize hillsides, erode foundations, and undermine retaining walls or patios. This makes them especially hazardous in HOAs, where erosion from their tunnels can lead to thousands of dollars in damage.
In addition to physical damage, ground squirrels are known carriers of fleas and ticks, which can spread plague, Lyme disease, and other illnesses to humans and pets.
Burrowing Behavior
Ground squirrels are proficient diggers, creating extensive burrow systems that serve multiple purposes. California ground squirrels often live in colonies, with individual burrows in close proximity.
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Entrances typically measure about 4 inches in diameter.
Burrows can extend several feet underground, with multiple chambers for nesting, food storage, and refuge.
Burrows provide shelter from extreme temperatures and predators, and are used year-round, including for hibernation or periods of inactivity.
Range & Habitat
Ground squirrels are widespread across North America, with various species adapted to diverse environments. In Southern California, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) is prevalent.
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Open grasslands, pastures, and lightly wooded areas.
Often inhabit areas with loose, well-drained soils suitable for burrowing.
Urban Adaptability: Commonly seen in parks, golf courses, and agricultural lands, showcasing their adaptability to human-altered landscapes.
Landscape Impact
While ground squirrels play roles in ecosystem functioning, their activities can have significant impacts on human-managed landscapes.
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Burrowing can undermine foundations, irrigation systems, and leading to structural damage.
Feeding habits may damage crops, ornamental plants, and young trees.
Burrow openings can pose tripping hazards for humans and animals.
Diet
Ground squirrels are primarily herbivorous but exhibit dietary flexibility based on availability.
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Seeds, nuts, fruits, and green vegetation constitute the bulk of their intake.
Occasionally consume insects and other invertebrates.
Documented instances of California ground squirrels preying on voles, indicating carnivorous behavior under certain conditions.